Amritsar (Punjabi pronunciation: [əmːˈɾɪtsəɾ] ( listen)), historically also known as Rāmdāspur and colloquially as Ambarsar, is the second largest city in the Indian state of Punjab, after Ludhiana. It is a major cultural and economic centre located in the Majha region of Punjab. The city is the administrative headquarters of the Amritsar district.
According to the 2011 census, the population of Amritsar was 1,132,761. It is one of the ten Municipal Corporations in the state and Karamjit Singh Rintu is the current mayor of the city.[5] The city is situated 217 km (135 mi) northwest of state capital Chandigarh, 455 km (283 miles) northwest of New Delhi, the national capital, and 47 km (29.2 miles) northeast of Lahore, Pakistan, with the Indo-Pak Border (Wagah) being only 28 km (17.4 mi) away.
Amritsar has been chosen as one of the heritage cities for HRIDAY scheme of the Government of India.[6] Amritsar is home to Harmandir Sahib, popularly known as “the Golden Temple,” one of Sikhism’s most spiritually significant and most-visited gurudwaras. The city is also known for its wooden chessboards and chess pieces manufacturing industry.
Maharaja Ranjit Singh listening to Guru Granth Sahib being recited near the Akal Takht and Golden Temple, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
The Bhagwan Valmiki Tirath Sthal situated at Amritsar is believed to be the Ashram site of Maharishi Valmiki, the writer of Ramayana.[8][9] As per the Ramayana, Sita gave birth to Lava and Kusha, sons of lord Rama at Ramtirth ashram. Large number of people visit Ramtirth Temple at annual fair. Nearby cities to Amritsar, Lahore and Kasur were said to be founded by Lava and Kusha, respectively. During Ashvamedha Yagna by Lord Rama, Lava and Kush caught the ritual horse and tied Lord Hanuman to a tree near to today’s Durgiana Temple.
Guru Ram Das, the fourth Sikh guru is credited with founding the holy city of Amritsar in the Sikh tradition.[10][11] Two versions of stories exist regarding the land where Ram Das settled. In one based on a Gazetteer record, the land was purchased with Sikh donations, for 700 rupees from the owners of the village of Tung.[12]
According to the historical Sikh records, the site was chosen by Guru Amar Das and called Guru Da Chakk, after he had asked Ram Das to find land to start a new town with a man-made pool as its central point.[13][14] After his coronation in 1574, and the hostile opposition he faced from the sons of Amar Das,[15] Ram Das founded the town named after him as “Ramdaspur”. He started by completing the pool, and building his new official Guru centre and home next to it. He invited merchants and artisans from other parts of India to settle into the new town with him.
Amritsar is located at 31.63°N 74.87°E[30] with an average elevation of 234 metres (768 ft). Amritsar is located in the Majha region of the state of Punjab in North India lies about 15 miles (25 km) east of the border with Pakistan. Administrative towns includes Ajnala, Attari, Beas, Budha Theh, Chheharta Sahib, Jandiala Guru, Majitha, Rajasansi, Ramdass, Rayya, Verka Town and Baba Bakala.
Typically for Northwestern India, Amritsar has a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen BSh) bordering on a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate (Cwa) and experiences four primary seasons: winter (December to March), when temperatures can drop to −1 °C (30 °F); summer (April to June), when temperatures can reach 45 °C (113 °F); monsoon (July to September); and post-monsoon (October to November). Annual rainfall is about 703.4 millimetres (27.7 in).[31] The lowest recorded temperature is −3.6 °C (25.5 °F), was recorded on 9 December 1996 and the highest temperature, 47.8 °C (118.0 °F), was recorded on 9 June 1995.[32] The official weather station for the city is the civil aerodrome at Rajasansi. Weather records here date back to 15 November 1947.
Lakshmi Narayan Mandir, popularly known as Durgiana temple, is a popular place of worship among city’s residents.
Amritsar is the second-largest city and district of Punjab. It is also one of the fastest growing cities of Punjab. In the mid 1980s the city was famous for its textile industry. After the 1984 Sikh riots Amritsar faced a blow in Industrial growth but there are still many textile mills present in the city. It is famous for its Pashmina Shawls, Woolen Clothes, Blankets, etc. Among handicrafts, the craft of the Thatheras of Jandiala Guru in Amritsar district got enlisted on UNESCO’s List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2014,[59] and the effort to revive this craft under the umbrella of Project Virasat is among India’s biggest government-sponsored craft revival programs.
Amritsar was found by Sri Guru Ramdass, the fourth guru of the Sikhs in about 1574 A.D. Before the city was founded, the area was covered with thick forests and had several lakes. To start the city the Guru invited 52 traders from different sectors belongings to nearby places like Patti and Kasur to settle here. These families started the first 32 shops in the city which still stand in the street called Batisi Hatta (32 shops). The Guru himself shifted to live among them in the city which came to be called Ramdaspur and has been eulogised in the Guru Granth Sahib.
The construction of Amrit Sarovar from which the city gets its present name was also stared by Sri Guru Ramdass. His successor, Sri Guru Arjan Dev, completed the project and located the Harmandir Sahib in its midst. Later, when Guru Arjan Dev completed the writing of Holy Granth sahib, a copy of Guru Granth Sahib was ceremonially installed in Harmandir Sahib. Baba Buddha Sahib was appointed the First Granthi.
Amritsar city is governed by Municipal Corporation which comes under Amritsar Metropolitan Region. The Amritsar city is located in Punjab state of India.
As per provisional reports of Census India, population of Amritsar in 2011 is 1,132,383; of which male and female are 601,008 and 531,375 respectively. Although Amritsar city has population of 1,132,383; its urban / metropolitan population is 1,183,549 of which 628,420 are males and 555,129 are females.
| Amritsar City | Total | Male | Female |
|---|---|---|---|
| City + Out Growths | 1,159,227 | 615,417 | 543,810 |
| City Population | 1,132,383 | 601,008 | 531,375 |
| Literates | 855,415 | 466,838 | 388,577 |
| Children (0-6) | 116,383 | 63,766 | 52,617 |
| Average Literacy (%) | 84.19 % | 86.90 % | 81.16 % |
| Sexratio | 884 | ||
| Child Sexratio | 825 | ||
Amritsar hosts Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport. The airport is connected to other parts of India and other countries with direct international flights to cities. The Airport is 12th busiest Airport of India in terms of International Traffic.[61] The Airport serves not only Amritsar, but also may other districts in Punjab and neighbouring states.
Amritsar has a bus rapid transit service, the Amritsar Metrobus which was launched on 28 January 2019. 93 fully air-conditioned Tata Marcopolo buses are used for the service connecting places like
Amritsar Junction Railway Station is the primary terminus station serving Amritsar. It is the busiest Railway Station in Indian State of Punjab and one of the highest revenue generating station of Northern Railways. Due to high traffic at the Amritsar Junction Railway Station, Indian Railways has planned to develop 2 satellite stations-Chheharta and Bhagtanwala, in order to decongest traffic at this station. As many as 6 trains would be shifted to Chheharta Railway Station in the first phase.[62] The Indian Railway Stations Development Corporation has also planned to make the Amritsar Junction Railway Station, a world class railway station on lines of International Airport based on PPP Model. The project has received an overwhelming response with bids from 7 private firms, including GMR.
DMart is a one-stop supermarket chain that aims to offer customers a wide range of personal and home under one roof. Mr Radhakishan Damani started DMart. The supermarket has a vast collection of clothes, gifts, and general store products from small to big things. The supermarket offers all varieties of products, including ayurvedic products. Customers can avail clothes and accessories at a competitive price. Consumers can get almost everything that suits your home needs with relatively less cost. D Mart also serves in Ahmedabad, Baroda, Hyderabad, Pune, Surat, Bengaluru, and more locations.
VR Ambarsar is located in the heart of the holy city of Amritsar, is a flagship Virtuous Retail Shopping Centre. It is an institutionally recognised developer-operator of community-oriented added lifestyle shopping centres. The mall has a multiplex, children’s play area and a large food court. They offer a vast range of branded national and international items. VR Ambarsar is also located at Bengaluru, Chennai, Surat and Chandigarh.
INOX is one of the excellent movie theatres in Amritsar located inside the Trillium Mall. It has five cinema screens and high-quality sound system that offers the best movie experience for its visitors. It is the big hall with adequate legroom within good clean seats. You can order the pizza at the theatre, and that is delivered at your place while watching the film. Gift items and 3D glasses are available. INOX operates 614 screens across 68 cities with 146 multiplexes in India.
Rose Garden is a large and beautiful public park located in Amritsar. It is a landscaped park with a walking path, fountain, playground and seasonal blooming roses. The park has a lovely garden, playing equipment and many rides for children. The park has exercising equipment and manually operated machines for the public. Rose Garden offers a pleasant and secure area for people to visit for picnics and sports.
Ivy Amritsar Hospital is one of the best multispecialty hospitals in Amritsar. They provide treatment to more than 200,000 patients yearly. The hospital has 1100 beds and more than twenty-five super-specialties across its seven facilities. The hospital is ABH accredited which is the highest standard quality accreditation for hospitals in India. The infrastructure of the hospital is clean, hygienic, and appropriately maintained. In addition to providing more accessible and affordable healthcare, Ivy Amritsar Hospital created a good business model. Their hospital is offering multi-super specialty care under one roof. They have 24 hours emergency service, laboratory, and ambulance service. Dr. Gurtej Singh is the chairman of this hospital.
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